Archetypes-The Most Insightful Theory

"All the most powerful ideas in history go back to archetypes."

-Carl Jung 

What makes a literary theory effective?

By now, we have all become familiar with the various literary theories; reader response, archetypal, post-colonial, and feminist. Yet each time we have used them it has been because we were instructed to do so. It certainly makes things much easier for us doesn't it? So when faced with this final question, I had to put quite a bit of thought into it. After all, which theory had provided the most insight for me as a reader? My initial thought was that they had all contributed equally to my understanding, which is partly true. They certainly all helped me to take an even closer look into the underlining message of the novel. In order to discover which theory influenced me the most, I had to ask myself this question; What did I take away from the novel?  At the end of the day, what message spoke to me the most. Once I discovered that, it only meant I had to determine the method by which that message was communicated to me.

For me, the illegal wasn't about the various characters trials and tribulations. It was the larger picture, that every person has their own story. That maybe rather than being quick to accuse, we should show empathy and love towards others. This book is special because it draws attention to the plight of refugees and those who live under the rule of communist and totalitarian power. Lawrence Hill effectively draws the readers in so that by the end they feel as though they to have gone experienced the characters journeys with them. This feeling can be achieved through understanding the archetypes of the various characters. After all, it is only through understanding these archetypes can we fully comprehend the meaning of the story. 

Lawrence Hill does not simply create a boring atmosphere to draw attention to major issues, rather he creates characters and situations that readers can ultimately connect to on a personal level. Take the archetype of Keita for example; the hero. He is not a hero that can defy gravity or win whole wars. He is a hero for his simple humbleness of heart and unselfish nature. He constantly puts other before himself, such as his sister who he prioritizes over his own life. In this way, the author has constructed a hero that readers can easily immediate. In a selfish, greedy society there is no doubt that we desperately need people like Keita, who are so willing to seek justice. Or women like Viola Hill, the rebel, who is willing to expose the dishonesty of government officials and the injustices across the world. Or simple kindness such as displayed by Ivernia, the caregiver and mentor. Being able to simply open your heart and home to someone in need is an amazing quality. 

Through analyzing the characters from an archetypal perspective I was able to delve deeper into the real message of the novel, and gain a better understanding of the nature of humanity as a whole. It is the actions and qualities of the characters that bring the book to life, and connect with readers on a personal level. 

If you want to experience what I am talking about...read the Illegal. You won't regret it!

Feminism in the Illegal?

Let me be the first to tell you, I do not consider myself a feminist. In fact, the very word makes me squirm. Don't get me wrong, I believe women should be respected, and be viewed equally in terms of  their humanity. Yet it is plain ignorance to claim that men and women can be equal in all things; because we can't. The simple fact is, men and women are different. That does not mean that we cannot exist in harmony with one another.

Thankfully, it is not required to be a modern feminist in order to analyze a piece of literature from a feminist perspective. In fact, modern feminists would do well to adopt the main theory of feminist criticism. It simply analyzes and passes judgement on the way in which females in the literary society are portrayed.

Feminist Perspective in the novel, The Illegal
I chose to analyze the last third of my novel from a feminist perspective because of The Illegals diversity of female characters. Not only are there a significant amount of female characters, they all highlight different aspects of females positions in the novel. The author himself and main character Keita hold women in the highest respect, yet it is the society itself that imposes negative views on these women. Essentially, this novel's time period is very similar to ours now, therefore the struggles faced by women are alike to the struggles in our society. This negative view does did not impact me as a reader, in fact in only reinforced the importance of women's roles in society.

Viola Hill
Viola is perhaps the feminist of her time. This unfortunately led to my personal difficulty connecting with her character, yet I firmly believe that she added diversity to the novel. Viola is a hard working journalist trying to prove herself in the journalism world. Her main goal throughout the novel is to discover a ground breaking news story that will get her promoted from sports reporter to a news reporter. At this point, I can guarantee that Viola is nothing like the way you are imagining of her. She is a bald, african american who travels by wheelchair due to the absence of her legs that she lost when she was run over by a truck that killed her mother and almost ended her own life. Viola also identifies as a lesbian, which is not further referenced throughout the rest of the novel. As you can see, Viola is rather badass. She knows what she wants, and she is willing to do whatever it takes to get it. This is evidenced when she voluntarily puts her life on the line to travel to Zantoroland in order to discover the truth behind the corruption of the government.There she finds another powerful female, Keita's sister, Charity. Charity is an advocate for women struggling to prove themselves equal to men in intellectual ability. Even as she is sentenced to death, Viola is not sorry because she knows that the truth needs to be found. Viola understands that as a black women she must work even harder to get what she wants. In this way, Viola is a representation of the ambitious, courageous women in our society.

Ivernia Beech
Ivernia is the most subtle of the female characters in the novel, yet for Keita's journey she is perhaps the most significant. Ivernia provides Keita's with support and financial aid in a time where it is illegal to do so. As a legal, white, elderly citizen she knows she must do something to help the illegal, oppressed citizens of her society. Quite personally, her courage and virtues reminded me slightly of those who hid Jews during the holocaust. Repeatedly she puts her own safety and comfort on the line in order help another fellow human being. Ivernia serves as encouragement to women that no matter what your age or level of independence, it is never to late to exercise your power as a female.

Candace 
Candace is a African american women who has overcome her childhood circumstances to become quite successful as a police officer. She becomes romantically involved with Ketia, which emphasizes that women can be in relationships and have careers as well. Candace's character is an example to women that you can be feminine and beautiful and be taken seriously by men though hard work.

Lula Destefano and Prostitutes
Lula Destefano has both negative and positive attributes as a female character. She is powerful and doesn't take anything from anybody. She helps those in need, all the while building a safe community for illegals and blacks. Yet Lula encourages the degrading of women through her Bombay Booty which is a prostitute house. This is actually a large focus in the novel, especially after one of the young prostitutes is deported and killed. Many scenes focus on the mental and physical abuse of these women. The sad part is that these women are being manipulated, and work only so that they can have enough money to survive. This element of the novel highlights the sexist view that women can be used and treated as sexual objects, which Lawrence Hill clearly objects to.

In our society and in the novel, both men and women play a key role. Yet it is mostly through the courage of the female characters that justice wins in the end. So follow the examples of these fictional women as your role models girls, and not those women that protest shirtless. You do not have to be topless to have your voices heard.

 For additional reading on the history of women rights in our society visit:
 http://www.nwhp.org/resources/womens-rights-movement/history-of-the-womens-rights-movement/

An Archetypal Perspective of The Illegal

Archetypes 

The hero, the trickster, and the wise old man; the majority of literature is richly filled with these archetypes. Some archetypes represent characters that each of us aspire to be; brave, honest, and liked by all. Yet others speak to readers on a personal level because, at their core, they contain both the good and the bad qualities that are innately inside of all of us. A basic understanding and analysis of these archetypes is useful when trying to understand key concepts in a novel. 

The Illegal is a novel filled to the brim with various characters. In fact, some critics have said that the amount of different characters is overwhelming and takes away from the message of the novel at times. The novel alternates between Keita Ali, Violet Hill, Ivernia Beech, Rocco Calder, Anton Hamm, and John Falconer. But do not jump to conclusions that the critics are correct. Because I tend to disagree. Each of these characters and many others contribute a unique perspective and overall increase the interest of the novel. 

Plot Overview

Ironically the second third of the book begins with the exact same scenario as the prologue does, with Keita running in the Buttersby Marathon where he passes the racist runner. He eventually wins the marathon, yet it is due to necessity as he needs the prize money to stay alive. Yet he risks uncovering he illegal identity when he is publicized as the runner in the marathon. The journalist Viola Hill is persistent in her quest to discover his true identity. Keita quickly become discovered by his previous agent, Anton Hamm who becomes violent insisting that Keita owes him money; luckily the race directer intervenes and helps Keita. A turn of events occurs as Keita is notified of his sister arrest and confinement and he is told that he must pay a large sum of money in order to grant her release. The head of Afric town, Lula DeStenfano, then offers Keita protection, yet he later finds refuge at the home of a senior, Ivernia Beech. With the help of Ivernia and many other's Keita begins to find a place of belonging and hope, yet he is still burdened with the stress of ensuring he is not deported in order for him to collect enough money to save his sister. 

Keita's Archetypal journey

Lawrence Hill's use of the archetypal plot helped me as a reader to better connect with the story. Keita undergoes a harsh journey from comfort and peace in his homeland, to loss of family and everything he is familiar with. Everyday is a constant struggle for him to survive in a country that does not welcome his existence. Yet as a reader I am familiar with the typical archetypal plot so I am confident that by the end of the novel, Keita will finally obtain the life of peace that he deserves. Keita is similar to other famous archetypal heroes like Frodo from Lord of the Rings and Superman because he represents goodness and the struggle these heroes must endure in order for justice to prevail. Yet more importantly is Keita's differences from these heroes. His struggles may be fictional, but they are real on so many levels. The racism he endures, and the prejudice against refugees speaks louder than most archetypal heroes are able to. 

Other characters in the novel also created a sense of deja vu, as they follow a similar pattern of the twelve common archetypes. Ivernia's character is a reflection of the mother and mentor. She is probably most accurately connected to the fairy godmother in the fairy-tale Cinderella. Due to her age, Ivernia provides worldly wisdom and comfort to Keita, and provides him with safety. The perhaps unrealistic student genius, John Falconer, combines both the jester archetype and the sage with his intelligence and wit. The archetype of the villain is represented through a variety of charters from the tyrannical government officials, George Maxwell and Graeme Wellington to the Queen of Afric town-Lula DeStefano.    

So in conclusion, don't narrow your reading scope by becoming overly focused on the variety of characters. After all, it is only thorugh this variety that Lawence Hill is able to connect to such a wide audience; by demonstating the various aspects of humanity through these characters. 

For additional information on archetypal literary criticism visit : 

http://www.soulcraft.co/essays/the_12_common_archetypes.html

https://blog.udemy.com/archetypal-characters/